Tribological behavior and mechanical properties of friction stir processed HDPE/Fe-Fe3O4 composites

Saeed Karimi; Seyed Mohammad Arab; Seyyed Reza Hosseini Zeidabadi; Sirus Javadpour

doi:10.53063/synsint.2021.1350

Saeed Karimi ¹
Seyed Mohammad Arab ²
Seyyed Reza Hosseini Zeidabadi ³
Sirus Javadpour ³

¹ Technical Services Department, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asaluyeh, Iran
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
³ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2021.1350

Abstract

In the current work, high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were fabricated via Friction Stir Processing (FSP). A two-phase Fe-Fe₃O₄ powder was used as the reinforcing agents. The extremely low cost powder was obtained from shot-blasting of as-forged low carbon steel components. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to phase analysis and evaluation of the purity of the as-received powder. The size distribution of the powder was determined by Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA). Also, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the particles morphology. The processing used a cylindrical tool to impose the severe plastic deformation and material stirring in order to improve the mechanical properties and particles distribution. The tribological and mechanical properties of the fabricated samples were examined. According to the results, both the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of FSPed samples reduced remarkably. The hardness and tensile strength of the FSPed composites were higher than the FSPed HDPE samples; however, their elongations were lower.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Keywords: Friction stir processing, High density polyethylene, Composite, Tribological behavior, Mechanical properties

References

[1] A. Peacock, Handbook of polyethylene: structures: properties, and applications, CRC Press, New York. (2000) 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295467.

[2] J. Scheirs, A guide to polymeric geomembranes: a practical approach, Wiley, London. (2009) 55–56.

[3] M.T. Sebastian, H. Jantunen, Polymer–ceramic composites of 0–3 connectivity for circuits in electronics: a review, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 7 (2010) 415–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02482.x.

[4] R.H. Elleithy, I. Ali, M.A. Ali, S.M. Al-Zahrani, High density polyethylene/micro calcium carbonate composites: A study of the morphological, thermal, and viscoelastic properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 117 (2010) 2413–2421. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32142.

[5] S. Ersoy, M. Taşdemir, Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites, Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties, Fen Bilim. Derg. 24 (2012) 93–104.

[6] H. Fouad, R. Elleithy, O.Y. Alothman, Thermo-mechanical, wear and fracture behavior of high-density polyethylene/hydroxyapatite nano composite for biomedical applications: effect of accelerated ageing, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29 (2013) 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2013.03.020.

[7] S. Bodhak, S. Nath, B. Basu, Friction and Wear Properties of Novel HDPE–HAp–Al2O3 Biocomposites against Alumina Counterface, J. Biomater. Appl. 23 (2009) 407–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328208090012.

[8] D.M. Kennedy, J. Vahey, D. Hanney, Micro shot blasting of machine tools for improving surface finish and reducing cutting forces in manufacturing, Mater. Des. 26 (2005) 203–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.02.013.

[9] N. Lewinski, H. Graczyk, M. Riediker, Human inhalation exposure to iron oxide particles, BioNanoMaterials. 14 (2013) 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1515/bnm-2013-0007.

[10] W.M. Thomas, J.C. Needham, M.G. Murch, P. Templesmith, C.J. Dawes, Friction stir welding; International Patent Application No. PCT/GB92/02203 and GB Patent Application No. 9125978.8 and US Patent Application No. 5,460,317 (1991).

[11] R.S. Mishra, Z.Y. Ma, I. Charit, Friction stir processing: a novel technique for fabrication of surface composite, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 341 (2003) 307–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00199-5.

[12] S.M. Arab, S. Karimi, S.A.J. Jahromi, S. Javadpour, S.M. Zebarjad, Fabrication of novel fiber reinforced aluminum composites by friction stir processing, Mater. Sci. Eng. 632 (2015) 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.02.032.

[13] M. Barmouz, J. Seyfi, M.K.B. Givi, I. Hejazi, S.M. Davachi, A novel approach for producing polymer nanocomposites by in-situ dispersion of clay particles via friction stir processing, Mater. Sci. Eng. 528 (2011) 3003–3006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.083.

[14] E. Azarsa, A. Mostafapour, On the feasibility of producing polymer–metal composites via novel variant of friction stir processing, J. Manuf. Process. 15 (2013) 682–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2013.08.007.

[15] S. Alyali, A. Mostafapour, E. Azarsa, Fabrication of PP/Al2O3 Surface Nanocomposite via Novel Friction Stir Processing Approach, Int. J. Adv. Eng. Tech. 3 (2012) 598–605.

[16] R. Farshbaf Zinati, Z. Zhou, Finite element simulation of material flow in friction stir process of nylon 6 and nylon 6/MWCNTs composite, Cogent. Eng. 2 (2015) 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2015.1048098.

[17] M.K. Bilici, A.I. Yukler, Effects of welding parameters on friction stir spot welding of high density polyethylene sheets, Mater. Des. 33 (2012) 545–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.062.

[18] Z. Kiss, T. Czigány, Applicability of friction stir welding in polymeric materials, Period. Polytech. Mech. Eng. 51 (2007) 15–18. https://doi.org/10.3311/pp.me.2007-1.02.

[19] I.M. Husain, R.K. Salim, T. Azdast, S. Hasanifard, S.M. Shishavan, E.E. Lee, Mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide sheets, Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng. 10 (2015) 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-015-0047-6.

[20] A. Bagheri, T. Azdast, A. Doniavi, An experimental study on mechanical properties of friction stir welded ABS sheets, Mater. Des. 43 (2013) 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.059.

[21] C. Lhymn, Y. Lhymn, Friction and wear of rubber/epoxy composites, J. Mater. Sci. 24 (1989) 1252–1256. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020203.

[22] Z. Chen, T. Li, X. Liu, R. Lü, Friction and wear mechanisms of polyamide 66/high density polyethylene blends, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 43 (2005) 2514–2523. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.20548.

[23] N. Chand, A. Naik, Development and high stress abrasive wear behavior of milled carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy gradient composites, Polym. Compos. 29 (2008) 736–744. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20450.

[24] P.V. Vasconcelos, F.J. Lino, A.M. Baptista, R.J.L. Neto, Tribological behaviour of epoxy based composites for rapid tooling, Wear. 260 (2006) 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.12.030.

[25] M.B. Peterson, W.O. Winer, Wear control handbook, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). (1980) 62–65.

View more references