Synthesis and characterization of silver nanowires with high aspect ratio for transparent coating applications

Ali Borchloo; Reza Shoja-Razavi; Hamed Naderi-Samani

doi:10.53063/synsint.2024.43236

Ali Borchloo ¹
Reza Shoja-Razavi ¹
Hamed Naderi-Samani ¹

¹ Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2024.43236

Abstract

In this study, the polyol method was used to synthesize AgNWs to prepare of transparent and conductive coatings. The aim is to synthesize silver nanowires with a one-dimensional morphology and a diameter of less than 100 nm and to formulate a conductive ink containing silver nanowires with high stability under environmental conditions and an easy synthesis method. The experimental design and determination of random samples were performed using Design Expert software. In general, three variables of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in the range of 0.06–0.8 g, silver nitrate precursor in the range of 0.04–2.64 g, and the molar ratio of PVP to silver nitrate were selected, and the constants were reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent (EG), and mixing rate. Random samples, proposed by the software, were examined. The synthesized AgNWs were characterized and evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared analysis. FT-IR and DRS analysis used the Light transmittance coefficient. According to the results of XRD, FE-SEM, and SEM analyses, among the eight samples, S8 had a minimum diameter of 77.3 nm and an average length of 750 nm, and it was selected for further research. Then, the production of conductive ink was put on the agenda, eight conductive inks were made, and the optimal sample (S8) was identified at 3.75% by weight and the optimal molar ratio for ethanol and ethylene glycol solvents. The optimal ink was characterized and evaluated using visible-ultraviolet (UV-Vis), simultaneous thermal (TGA-DTA), and FE-SEM spectroscopic analyses. Conductive ink was then applied to the glass substrate. In addition, the EMI shielding efficiency in terms of dB using the surface electrical resistance of the conductive ink applied to the S5 sample was found to be 75.17 dB in the best case. Finally, the electrical resistance, transparency, and EMI shielding efficiency of the S8 sample were obtained as 2.8 Ω, 77% and 44.35 dB.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Keywords: Silver nanowires, Polyol synthesis, One-dimensional nanomaterials, Transparent and conductive coatings, Electromagnetic interference shielding

References

[1] A. Kumar, M.O. Shaikh, C.-H. Chuang, Silver Nanowire Synthesis and Strategies for Fabricating Transparent Conducting Electrodes, Nanomaterials. 11 (2021) 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030693.

[2] D. Fu, R. Yang, Y. Wang, R. Wang, F. Hua, Silver Nanowire Synthesis and Applications in Composites: Progress and Prospects, Adv. Mater. Technol. 7 (2022) 2200027. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200027.

[3] A. Kumar, M. Kumar, M.S. Goyat, D.K. Avasthi, A review of the latest developments in the production and applications of Ag-nanowires as transparent electrodes, Mater. Today Commun. 33 (2022) 104433–104433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104433.

[4] T. Kishor Lahane, J. Agrawal, V. Singh, Optimization of polyol synthesized silver nanowires for transparent conducting electrodes application, Mater. Today: Proceed. 59 (2022) 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.108.

[5] P. Zhang, I. Wyman, J. Hu, S. Lin, Z. Zhong, et al., Silver nanowires: Synthesis technologies, growth mechanism, and multifunctional applications, Mater. Sci. Eng: B. 223 (2017) 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2017.05.002.

[6] X. Feng, X. Wang, B. Zhang, J. Gu, C. Xu, S. Zhang, Flexible transparent conductive films based on silver nanowires by ultrasonic spraying process, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33 (2022) 25939–25949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09284-5.

[7] H. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Chen, Synthesis of uniform silver nanowires from AgCl seeds for transparent conductive films via spin-coating at variable spin-speed, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 565 (2019) 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.050.

[8] Y. Sun, Y. Xia, Large-Scale Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanowires Through a Soft, Self-Seeding, Polyol Process, Adv. Mater. 14 (2002) 833. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20020605)14:11%3C833::aid-adma833%3E3.0.co;2-k.

[9] Y. Sun, B. Gates, B. Mayers, Y. Xia, Crystalline Silver Nanowires by Soft Solution Processing, Nano Lett. 2 (2002) 165–168. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl010093y.

[10] C. Vitelaru, A.C. Parau, M. Dinu, I. Pana, L.R. Constantin, et al., Transparent Silver Coatings with Copper Addition for Improved Conductivity by Combined DCMS and HiPIMS Process, Metals. 12 (2022) 1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12081264.

[11] S. Ye, A.R. Rathmell, Z. Chen, I. Stewart, B.J. Wiley, Metal Nanowire Networks: The Next Generation of Transparent Conductors, Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 6670–6687. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201402710.

[12] T. Muhmood, F. Ahmad, X. Hu, X. Yang, Silver nanowires: a focused review of their synthesis, properties, and major factors limiting their commercialization, Nano Futures. 6 (2022) 032006–032006. https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-1984/ac8388.

[13] H. Mao, J. Feng, X. Ma, C. Wu, X. Zhao, One-dimensional silver nanowires synthesized by self-seeding polyol process, J. Nanoparticle Res. 14 (2012) 887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-0887-4.

[14] F. Basarir, F.S. Irani, A. Kosemen, B.T. Camic, F. Oytun, et al., Recent progress on solution-processed silver nanowire-based transparent conducting electrodes for organic solar cells, Mater. Today Chem. 3 (2017) 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2017.02.001.

[15] M.F. Meléndrez, C. Medina, F. Solis-Pomar, P. Flores, M. Paulraj, E. Pérez-Tijerina, Quality and high yield synthesis of Ag nanowires by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10 (2015) 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0774-x.

[16] S. Lee, S. Shin, S. Lee, J. Seo, J. Lee, et al., Ag Nanowire Reinforced Highly Stretchable Conductive Fibers for Wearable Electronics, Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 (2015) 3114–3121. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201500628.

[17] J. Wei, X. Li, F. Bian, J. Zeng, J. Hu, et al., Synthesis of high purity silver nanowires through a silver chloride-mediated polyol method, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 146 (2022) 110164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110164.

[18] M. Zhu, X. Yan, X. Li, L. Dai, J. Guo, et al., Flexible, Transparent, and Hazy Composite Cellulosic Film with Interconnected Silver Nanowire Networks for EMI Shielding and Joule Heating, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 14 (2022) 45697–45706. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c13035.

[19] S. Fahad, H. Yu, L. Wang, Y. Wang, T. Lin, et al., Synthesis of AgNWs Using High Molecular Weight PVP As a Capping Agent and Their Application in Conductive Thin Films, J. Electron. Mater. 50 (2021) 2789–2799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-08770-6.

[20] L.-Y. Meng, B. Wang, M.-G. Ma, K.-L. Lin, The progress of microwave-assisted hydrothermal method in the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, Mater. Today Chem. 1–2 (2016) 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2016.11.003.

[21] X. Wei, Y. Quan, H. Zeng, W. Huang, W. Li, et al., Facile fabrication of Ag nanowires for capacitive flexible pressure sensors by liquid polyol reduction method, Mater. Res. Express. 5 (2018) 015041–015041. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaa4ed.

[22] T. Araki, J. Jiu, M. Nogi, H. Koga, S. Nagao, et al., Low haze transparent electrodes and highly conducting air dried films with ultra-long silver nanowires synthesized by one-step polyol method, Nano Res. 7 (2014) 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-013-0391-x.

[23] Y. Zhan, C. Santillo, Y. Meng, M. Lavorgna, Recent advances and perspectives on silver-based polymer composites for electromagnetic interference shielding, J. Mater. Chem. C. 11 (2023) 859–892. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc03821h.

[24] D. Toybou, C. Celle, C. Aude-Garcia, T. Rabilloud, J.-P. Simonato, A toxicology-informed, safer by design approach for the fabrication of transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires, Environ. Sci: Nano. 6 (2019) 684–694. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en00890f.

[25] M. Parente, M. van Helvert, R.F. Hamans, R. Verbroekken, R. Sinha, et al., Simple and Fast High-Yield Synthesis of Silver Nanowires, Nano Lett. 20 (2020) 5759–5764. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01565.

[26] G. Earle, F.A. Modine, Parameterization of the optical functions of amorphous materials in the interband region, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 (1996) 371–373. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.118064.

[27] W. Tsou, S.-M. Kao, Overview of EMI Development, English as a Medium of Instruction in Higher Education, Springer, Singapore. (2017) 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4645-2_1.

View more references