Synthesis and sintering of Fe-32Mn-6Si shape memory alloys prepared by mechanical alloying

Ali Shamsipoor; Babak Mousavi; Mohammad Sadegh Shakeri

doi:10.53063/synsint.2022.2185

Ali Shamsipoor ¹
Babak Mousavi ¹
Mohammad Sadegh Shakeri ²

¹ Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 31779-83634, Karaj, Iran
² Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland

https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2022.2185

Abstract

Fe-32Mn-6Si alloy was produced using the mechanical alloying (MA) process of high purity powders under an inert argon gas atmosphere. The aim of this investigation is the in-depth study of the microstructure and phase transformation during the milling-sintering process of Fe-32Mn-6Si shape memory alloys. During the milling process, a significant amount of amorphous phase was created as well the crystalline martensite and austenite phases. The amorphous phase was increased by milling time enhancement and then it was decreased due to the mechano-crystalization phenomenon. It was detected that the microhardness of the alloyed powder directly depends on the amount of the amorphous phase. Furthermore, the particle size of as-milled powder firstly decreased and then increased, when the amorphous phase cojoined gradually during the milling process the transformation of martensite into austenite. The lattice strain was increased considerably during the milling process which was a reason for martensite phase creation resulting in the high shape memory properties. The amount of pre-strain for Fe-32Mn-6Si alloy was calculated to be 3.3%. Furthermore, the optimum sintering temperature was approved to be 950 °C by reduction of the percentage of pores and suitable densification.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Keywords: Shape memory alloys, Mechanical alloying, Sintering, Phase transformation, Martensite

References

[1] Y.H. Wen, N. Li, L.R. Xiong, Composition design principles for Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni based alloys with better shape memory effect and higher recovery stress, Mater. Sci. Eng. 407 (2005) 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.054.

[2] A. Sato, Y. Yamaji, T. Mori, Physical properties controlling shape memory effect in Fe Mn Si alloys, Acta Metall. 34 (1986) 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(86)90199-9.

[3] N. Stanford, D.P. Dunne, Effect of second-phase particles on shape memory in Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 454–455 (2007) 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.084.

[4] Y.H. Wen, M. Yan, N. Li, Effects of carbon addition and aging on the shape memory effect of Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni alloys, Scr. Mater. 50 (2004) 441–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.11.008.

[5] B. Pricop, U. Söyler, R.I. Comčneci, B. Özkal, L.G. Bujoreanu, Mechanical cycling effects at Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni SMAs obtained by powder metallurgy, Phys. Procedia. 10 (2010) 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.11.087.

[6] J.L. Proft, T.W. Duerig, The Mechanical Aspects of Constrained Recovery, Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann. (1990) 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-1009-4.50014-7.

[7] J.C. Li, M. Zheng, Q. Jiang, Stacking fault energy of iron-base shape memory alloys, Mater. Lett. 38 (1999) 275–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(98)00172-4.

[8] R.A. Shakoor, F. Ahmad Khalid, K. Kang, Role of samarium additions on the shape memory behavior of iron based alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 528 (2011) 2299–2302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.008.

[9] N. Bergeon, S. Kajiwara, T. Kikuchi, Atomic force microscopic study of stressinduced martensite formation and its reverse transformation in a thermo mechanically treated Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni alloy, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 4053–4064. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00187-7.

[10] H.B. Peng, Y.H.Wen, L.R. Xiong, N. Li, Influence of initial microstructures on effectiveness of training in a FeMnSiCrNi shape memory alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 497 (2008) 61–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.06.006.

[11] T. Sawaguchi, L.-G. Bujoreanu, T. Kikuchi, K. Ogawa, M. Koyama, M. Murakami, Mechanism of reversible transformation-induced plasticity of Fe–Mn–Si shape memory alloys, Scr. Mater. 59 (2008) 826–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.06.030.

[12] K. Otsuka, C.M. Wayman, Shape Memory Materials, Cambridge University Press. (1999) 117–132.

[13] P. Kumar, D. Lagoudas, Introduction to Shape Memory Alloys, Shape Memory Alloys, Springer, Boston, MA. 1 (2008) 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-47685-8_1.

[14] N. Stanford, D.P. Dunne, Effect of Si on the reversibility of stress-induced martensite in Fe–Mn–Si shape memory alloys, Acta Mater. 58 (2010) 6752–6762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.08.041.

[15] R.A. Shakoor, F. Ahmad Khalid, Thermomechanical behavior of Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni shape memory alloys modified with samarium, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 499 (2009) 411–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.08.042.

[16] N. Bergeon, G. Guenin, C. Esnouf, Microstructural analysis of the stress-induced ε martensite in a Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni shape memory alloy: Part I– calculated description of the microstructure, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 242 (1998) 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00511-X.

[17] V.V. Bliznuk, N.I. Glavatska, O. Söderberg, V.K. Lindroos, Effect of nitrogen on damping, mechanical and corrosive properties of Fe-Mn alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 338 (2007) 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00060-6.

[18] T. Saito, K. Gąska, A. Takasaki, C. Kapusta, Fabrication of Fe-Mn-Si alloy by mechanical alloying and direct current sintering, J. Mek. (2010) 62–67.

[19] J.S. Benjamin, T.E. Volin, The mechanism of mechanical alloying, Metall. Trans. 5 (1974) 1929−1934. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644161.

[20] G. Dowson, Powder Metallurgy, the Process and Its Products, Springer Netherlands. (1990).

[21] C. Suryanarayana, Mechanical Alloying and Milling, Prog. Mater. Sci. 46 (2004) 1–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9.

[22] A. Akhondzadeh, K. Zangeneh-Madar, S.M. Abbasi, Influence of annealing temperature on the shape memory effect of Fe–14Mn–5Si–9Cr–5Ni alloy after training treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 489 (2008) 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.12.014.

[23] Z. Dong, U.E. Klotz, C. Leinenbach, A. Bergamini, C. Czaderski, M. Motavalli, A Novel Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloy With Improved Shape Recovery Properties by VC Precipitation, Adv. Eng. Mater. 11 (2009) 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200800312.

[24] A. Baruj, H.E. Troiani, The effect of pre-rolling Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys: Mechanical properties and transmission electron microcopy examination, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 481–482 (2008) 574–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.140.

[25] N. Stanford, D.P. Dunne, Thermo-mechanical processing and the shape memory effect in an Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 422(2006) 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.009.

[26] O.A. Zambrano, R.E. Logé, Dynamic recrystallization study of a Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloy in constant and variable thermomechanical conditions, Mater. Charact. 152 (2019) 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.04.016.

[27] A.M. Balagurov, I.A. Bobrikov, J. Pons, J. Cifre, L.Y. Sun, I.S. Golovin, Structure of the Fe-Mn-Si alloys submitted to γ ↔ ε thermocycling, Mater. Charact. 141 (2018) 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.04.052.

[28] T. Liu, H.Y. Liu, Z.T. Zhao, R.Z. Ma, T.D. Hu, Y.N. Xie, Mechanical alloying of Fe–Mn and Fe–Mn–Si, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 271 (1999) 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01022-3.

[29] C. Menna, F. Auricchio, D. Asprone, Applications of Shape Memory Alloys in Structural Engineering, Shape Memory Alloy Engineering, Butterworth-Heinemann. (2015) 369–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099920-3.00013-9.

[30] A. Charﬁ, T. Bouraoui, M. Feki, C. Bradai, B. Normand, Surface treatment and corrosion behavior of Fe-32Mn-6Si shape memory alloy, C. R. Chim. 12 (2009) 270–275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2007.11.008.

[31] K. Maca, V. Pouchly, A.R. Baccaccini, Sintering Densification Curve – a Practical Approach for Its Construction from Dilatometric Shrinkage Data, Sci. Sinter. 40 (2008) 117–122. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS0802117M.

View more references

Cited By