<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XML>
<ISCJOURNAL>
<YEAR>2021</YEAR>
<VOL>1</VOL>
<NO>1</NO>
<PAGE_NO>7</PAGE_NO>
<ARTICLES>
			<ARTICLE>
				<TitleF></TitleF>
				<TitleE>Influence of molybdenum content on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered titanium alloys</TitleE>
				<TitleLang_ID>en</TitleLang_ID>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<Language_ID>en</Language_ID>
						<CONTENT>Five titanium-based alloys containing 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt% molybdenum additive were fabricated by spark plasma sintering process at 1200 °C. The samples were scrutinized in terms of relative density, phase evolution, and microstructural development. The relative density reached 99.9% with the molybdenum addition up to 16 wt% but slightly dropped in the sample with 20 wt% additive. In the specimens with 4 wt% Mo, molybdenum solved completely in the matrix and three different phase morphologies were observed, namely continuous α-Ti, laminar α-Ti, and very thin laminar β-Ti. With increasing Mo content to 20 wt%, widespread single β-Ti appeared alongside remained Mo and α-Ti. Ductile fracture mode was dominant in the samples with low Mo contents whilst it changed to brittle in the specimens with higher content of molybdenum.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>41</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>47</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
				<AUTHORS>
					<AUTHOR>
						<NameE>M. Saravana</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Kumar</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Mechanical Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>India</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email></Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR>
                    <AUTHOR>
						<NameE>S. Rashia</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Begum</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Anna University</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>India</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email></Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR>
                    <AUTHOR>
						<NameE>M.</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Vasumathi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Anna University</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>India</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email></Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR>
                    <AUTHOR>
						<NameE>Chinh</NameE>
						<MidNameE>Chien</MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Nguyen</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Laboratory of Energy and Environmental Science, Institute of Research and Development and Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Vietnam</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email></Email>			
						</EMAILS>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Vietnam</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email></Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR>
                    <AUTHOR>
						<NameE>Quyet</NameE>
						<MidNameE>Van</MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Le</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Laboratory of Energy and Environmental Science, Institute of Research and Development and Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Vietnam</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>levanquyet@dtu.edu.vn</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Universities>
							<University>Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000</University>
						</Universities>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Vietnam</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email></Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR>
				</AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS>
					<KEYWORD>
						<KeyText>Titanium</KeyText>
					</KEYWORD>
                    <KEYWORD>
						<KeyText>Molybdenum</KeyText>
					</KEYWORD>
                    <KEYWORD>
						<KeyText>Spark plasma sintering</KeyText>
					</KEYWORD>
                    <KEYWORD>
						<KeyText>Microstructure</KeyText>
					</KEYWORD>
                    <KEYWORD>
						<KeyText>Densification</KeyText>
					</KEYWORD>
				</KEYWORDS>
				<PDFFileName>Vol 1 No 1 Paper 4.pdf</PDFFileName>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
					<REF>
                    [1]	A. Sabahi Namini, M. Azadbeh, M. Shahedi Asl, Effect of TiB2 content on the characteristics of spark plasma sintered Ti–TiB w composites, Adv. Powder Technol. 28 (2017) 1564–1572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.03.028.
##[2]	F.F. Cardoso, P.L. Ferrandini, E.S.N. Lopes, A. Cremasco, R. Caram, Ti–Mo alloys employed as biomaterials: Effects of composition and aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 32 (2014) 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.11.021.
##[3]	Y. Chen, L. Xu, Z. Liu, F. Kong, Z. Chen, Microstructures and properties of titanium alloys Ti-Mo for dental use, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 16 (2006) s824–s828. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60308-7.
##[4]	C. Leyens, M. Peters, Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/3527602119.
##[5]	N.T.C. Oliveira, G. Aleixo, R. Caram, A.C. Guastaldi, Development of Ti–Mo alloys for biomedical applications: Microstructure and electrochemical characterization, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 452–453 (2007) 727–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.061.
##[6]	R. Adell, U. Lekholm, B. Rockler, P.-I. Brånemark, A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw, Int. J. Oral Surg. 10 (1981) 387–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9785(81)80077-4.
##[7]	M. Abdel-Hady Gepreel, M. Niinomi, Biocompatibility of Ti-alloys for long-term implantation, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 20 (2013) 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.11.014.
##[8]	W. Ho, C. Ju, J. Chern Lin, Structure and properties of cast binary Ti–Mo alloys, Biomaterials. 20 (1999) 2115–2122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00114-3.
##[9]	E.-B. Lee, M.-K. Han, B.-J. Kim, H.-J. Song, Y.-J. Park, Effect of molybdenum on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Ti alloys, Int. J. Mater. Res. 105 (2014) 847–853. https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111092.
##[10]	Y. Li, C. Yang, H. Zhao, S. Qu, X. Li, Y. Li, New Developments of Ti-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications, Materials (Basel). 7 (2014) 1709–1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7031709.
##[11]	M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, Titanium-Based Biomaterials for Preventing Stress Shielding between Implant Devices and Bone, Int. J. Biomater. 2011 (2011) 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/836587.
##[12]	P. Rocher, L. El Medawar, J.-C. Hornez, M. Traisnel, J. Breme, H. Hildebrand, Biocorrosion and cytocompatibility assessment of NiTi shape memory alloys, Scr. Mater. 50 (2004) 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.09.028.
##[13]	E. Eisenbarth, D. Velten, M. Müller, R. Thull, J. Breme, Biocompatibility of β-stabilizing elements of titanium alloys, Biomaterials. 25 (2004) 5705–5713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.021.
##[14]	D.R.N. Correa, F.B. Vicente, R.O. Araújo, M.L. Lourenço, P.A.B. Kuroda, et al., Effect of the substitutional elements on the microstructure of the Ti-15Mo-Zr and Ti-15Zr-Mo systems alloys, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 4 (2015) 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.02.007.
##[15]	X. Zhao, M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, J. Hieda, Beta type Ti–Mo alloys with changeable Young’s modulus for spinal fixation applications, Acta Biomater. 8 (2012) 1990–1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.004.
##[16]	Y.-L. Zhou, D.-M. Luo, Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti–Mo alloys cold-rolled and heat treated, Mater. Charact. 62 (2011) 931–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2011.07.010.
##[17]	W. Zhang, Y. Liu, H. Wu, M. Song, T. Zhang, et al., Elastic modulus of phases in Ti–Mo alloys, Mater. Charact. 106 (2015) 302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.06.008.
##[18]	Y.L. Zhou, M. Niinomi, T. Akahori, Effects of Ta content on Young’s modulus and tensile properties of binary Ti–Ta alloys for biomedical applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 371 (2004) 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.011.
##[19]	M. Niinomi, Recent metallic materials for biomedical applications, Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 33 (2002) 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0109-2.
##[20]	E. Delvat, D.M. Gordin, T. Gloriant, J.L. Duval, M.D. Nagel, Microstructure, mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of stable beta Ti–Mo–Ta sintered alloys, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 1 (2008) 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.01.006.
##[21]	P.L. Ferrandini, F.F. Cardoso, S.A. Souza, C.R. Afonso, R. Caram, Aging response of the Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta and Ti–35Nb–7Ta alloys, J. Alloys Compd. 433 (2007) 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.094.
##[22]	G. He, J. Eckert, Q.L. Dai, M.L. Sui, W. Löser, et al., Nanostructured Ti-based multi-component alloys with potential for biomedical applications, Biomaterials. 24 (2003) 5115–5120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00440-X.
##[23]	Y. Takemoto, I. Shimizu, A. Sakakibara, M. Hida, Y. Mantani, Tensile Behavior and Cold Workability of Ti-Mo Alloys, Mater. Trans. 45 (2004) 1571–1576. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.45.1571.
##[24]	M. Sabeena, S. Murugesan, R. Mythili, A.K. Sinha, M.N. Singh, et al., Studies on ω Phase Formation in Ti-Mo Alloys Using Synchrotron XRD, Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 68 (2015) 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-014-0426-3.
##[25]	J.L. Murray, The Mo−Ti (Molybdenum-Titanium) system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr. 2 (1981) 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02881476.
##[26]	C.H. Wang, M. Liu, P.F. Hu, J.C. Peng, J.A. Wang, et al., The effects of α″ and ω phases on the superelasticity and shape memory effect of binary Ti-Mo alloys, J. Alloys Compd. 720 (2017) 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.299.
##[27]	G. Dercz, I. Matuła, M. Zubko, A. Liberska, Structure Characterization of Biomedical Ti-Mo-Sn Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Method, Acta Phys. Pol. A. 130 (2016) 1029–1032. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.130.1029.
##[28]	Z. Gao, H. Luo, Q. Li, Y. Wan, Preparation and Characterization of Ti-10Mo Alloy by Mechanical Alloying, Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. 1 (2012) 282–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-012-0045-5.
##[29]	H. Hosokawa, K. Kato, K. Shimojima, A. Matsumoto, Microstructural Evolution of Ti-Mo-Ni-C Powder by Mechanical Alloying, Mater. Trans. 50 (2009) 117–122. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MRA2008280.
##[30]	M.T. Jovanović, B. Dimčić, I. Bobić, S. Zec, V. Maksimović, Microstructure and mechanical properties of precision cast TiAl turbocharger wheel, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 167 (2005) 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.03.019.
##[31]	Y. Liu, W. Wei, K. Zhou, L. Chen, H. Tang, Microstructures and mechanical behavior of PM Ti-Mo alloy, J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 10 (2003) 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-003-0043-5.
##[32]	J. Campbell, Entrainment defects, Mater. Sci. Technol. 22 (2006) 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328406X74248.
##[33]	B. Nayebi, A. Bahmani, M. Shahedi Asl, A. Rasooli, M. Ghasemi Kakroudi, M. Shokouhimehr, Characteristics of dynamically formed oxide films in aluminum–calcium foamable alloys, J. Alloys Compd. 655 (2016) 433–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.200.
##[34]	A. Sabahi Namini, M. Shahedi Asl, S.A. Delbari, Influence of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti–Mo–B4C Composites, Met. Mater. Int. 27 (2019) 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00469-y.
##[35]	S.A. Delbari, A. Sabahi Namini, M. Shahedi Asl, Hybrid Ti matrix composites with TiB2 and TiC compounds, Mater. Today Commun. 20 (2019) 100576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100576.
					</REF>
				</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
			</ARTICLES>
</ISCJOURNAL>
</XML>